Course Descriptions

In ninth grade, the student will continue to build upon skills previously learned in earlier grades with a variety of texts. There is a continued emphasis on reading comprehension by explaining, comparing, and analyzing literary and informational texts. In literary texts, the student will apply knowledge of literary terms to describe, differentiate, and analyze a variety of genres. In ninth grade, there will be an increased emphasis on informational reading, and the student will examine the function of a text within context. The student will demonstrate their comprehension by writing and use the texts read in class to understand the author’s craft to compose original compositions.

The student will continue to expand vocabulary using the structural analysis of roots and affixes, as well as figurative language, to understand complex words. With an explicit focus to integrate reading and writing processes, the grade-nine student will use mentor texts as models to plan, draft, revise, and edit expository writing in preparation for postsecondary work and career. There is also an emphasis on persuasion, defending a position using counterclaims, reasons, and evidence from credible sources.

English 9 Honors is a course intended to prepare students for the direction of college level and/or postsecondary education courses. With a strong foundational understanding of various forms of writing and a fundamental grasp specifically on persuasive essays and basic writing conventions, students will transition into the inclusion of research in writing to evaluate and validate their argument. As students develop reading comprehension in both fiction and nonfiction texts, there will be a focus on analyzing literature for themes, symbols, and characterization, with a focus on writing in response to reading passages. Prerequisites: Completion of 8th grade English with an A or B, a score of 475 or higher on the Reading 8 SOL test, and reading at least two years above grade level.

In tenth grade, the student will continue to build upon skills learned in earlier grades. There is a sustained emphasis on reading comprehension by comparing and analyzing literary and informational texts. The student will analyze the historical, cultural, and social function and universal themes of literary texts from different cultures. The tenth-grade student will analyze and synthesize information from informational texts to solve problems, answer questions, and generate new knowledge.

The student will continue development of vocabulary, with attention to connotations, idioms, classical allusions, and figurative language. With an explicit focus to integrate reading and writing processes, the grade-ten student will use mentor texts as models to write with an emphasis on argument while showing relationships among claims, reasons, and evidence from reliable sources. The student will continue to build research skills presenting information gathered from diverse sources, identifying misconceptions and possible bias while crediting sources using MLA or APA style. The student will complete WorkKeys to earn their verified credit in writing. Prerequisite: Successful completion of English 9.

English 10 Honors is a course intended to prepare students for the expectations and rigor of college-level English courses. Through study of more complex fiction and nonfiction texts, students will further analyze the author's purpose, use of vocabulary, and use of literary devices. With the fundamental understanding of writing in a variety of forms with an emphasis on analysis and persuasion, students will be able to delve deeper into the research process. Prerequisite: Complete English 9 with an A or B and have a 3.0 GPA.

Students will create media messages and analyze the cause-and-effect relationships between mass media coverage and public opinion trends. Students will create persuasive, multimodal presentations that address alternative perspectives. Students will continue the development of vocabulary. Students will examine and analyze fiction texts by American authors describing the contributions of other cultures and identifying prevalent themes and characterizations, which are reflective of American history and culture. Students will continue to develop as writers using the recursive writing process while writing in a variety of forms with an emphasis on persuasion and argumentation. Students will be expected to have greater control over the conventions of writing and write and revise to a standard acceptable both in the workplace and postsecondary education. Students will apply research techniques to synthesize information from primary and secondary sources to produce a research product. Students will take the EOC Reading SOL Test. Prerequisite: Successful completion of English 10.

DE English 11 incorporates the requirements for the regular English 11 classes in addition to extensive writing assignments and novel studies, as well as, summer reading assignments. This course introduces students to critical thinking and the fundamentals of academic writing. Through the writing process, students refine topics; develop and support ideas; investigate; evaluate and incorporate appropriate resources; edit for effective style and usage; and determine appropriate approaches for a variety of contexts, audiences, and purposes. Writing activities will include exposition and argumentation with at least one research project. SAT preparation will be included as a unit of study. Prerequisites: Successful completion of English 10 with an A or B and have a 3.0 GPA.

In twelfth grade, there is a sustained emphasis on reading comprehension by comparing, analyzing, and evaluating literary and informational texts. The student will examine and analyze literary texts by British authors evaluating how authors use key elements to contribute to meaning and interpreting how themes are connected across texts. The student will continue development of vocabulary, with attention to connotations, idioms, classical allusions, and figurative language. With an explicit focus to integrate reading and writing processes, the grade-twelve student will use mentor texts as models to analyze and evaluate informational text and use the writing process to write with an emphasis on technical writing for multiple purposes and audiences to create focused, organized, and coherent writing. The student will write to a standard acceptable to both the workplace and to postsecondary education. The student will explain and analyze how media influences beliefs, interpretations, and behaviors. The student will create interactive multimodal presentations both independently and in collaborative groups. The student will produce a research product synthesizing information from primary and secondary sources while maintaining ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information. The student will continue to demonstrate the ability to work within diverse teams and collaborative groups. This course is designed for those students who plan to continue their education at the college level. Prerequisite: Successful completion of English 11.

In twelfth grade, the grade-twelve student will analyze and evaluate informational text and use the writing process to write with an emphasis on technical writing to a standard acceptable in the workplace. The student will explain and analyze how media influences beliefs, interpretations, and behaviors. The student will read and analyze key literary texts by British authors, evaluating how those texts impact society. The student will continue development of essential vocabulary. The student will continue to demonstrate the ability to work within collaborative teams with a focus on verbal skills necessary in the workplace. This course is designed for students who intend to enter the workforce immediately after graduation. Prerequisite: Successful completion of English 11.

This course engages students in the careful reading and critical analysis of imaginative literature. Through the close reading of selected texts, students deepen their understanding of the way writers use language to provide both meaning and pleasure for their readers. As they read, students consider a work’s structure, style, and themes as well as such smaller-scale elements as the use of figurative language, imagery, symbolism, and tone. Prerequisites: Successful completion of DE English 11 and a 3.0 overall GPA.

Intended to be taken in the fall prior to English 9 in the spring, this course is designed to support students by reviewing essential skills for reading complex texts and writing multi-paragraph essays. Students will focus on those skills needed to be successful in English 9 and the assessment for their verified credit in writing.
 

Intended to be taken in the fall prior to English 10 in the spring, this course is designed to support students by reviewing essential skills for reading complex texts and writing multi-paragraph essays. Students will focus on those skills needed to be successful in English 10.

Intended to be taken in the fall prior to English 11 in the spring, this course is designed to support students by reviewing essential skills for reading complex texts and writing multi-paragraph essays. Students will focus on those skills needed to be successful in English 11,
 

This course includes a study of the principles of layout, photography, copy and caption writing, and editing. As students work toward publication of the school’s yearbook, they will develop skills in yearbook design, use of technology, time management, and public relations.

(Prerequisite: Successful completion of Photo Journalism I and each succeeding course)

This course will provide continued study in all phases of yearbook publication while placing increased emphasis on students’ leadership skills, staff organization, and advanced yearbook design.

Algebra I provides a foundation for the study of advanced mathematics through the development of algebraic reasoning, problemsolving, and analytical thinking. Students develop algebraic reasoning skills to represent and analyze real-world relationships using expressions, equations, inequalities, and functions. Key topics include operations with polynomials and radicals, solving and interpreting linear and quadratic equations and systems, and exploring linear, quadratic, and exponential functions. Students also investigate bivariate data through scatterplots, lines of best fit, and regression models. The course emphasizes conceptual understanding, multiple representations, and the use of technology to connect algebraic methods with practical applications.

(Prerequisite: Algebra I) 

Geometry strengthens students’ reasoning and problem-solving skills through the study of geometric relationships and formal proof. Students explore properties of plane and solid figures, transformational and coordinate geometry, and relationships among lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, and circles. Key topics include congruence, similarity, right triangle trigonometry, and surface area and volume of three-dimensional figures. Algebraic methods, coordinate reasoning, and technology are used to model and solve real-world and mathematical problems while emphasizing logical reasoning and connections across mathematical concepts.

(Does not count as a math credit for an Advanced Studies Diploma) (Prerequisite: Algebra I)

This course is designed for students who have successfully completed the standards for Algebra I. Within the context of mathematical modeling and data analysis, students will study functions and their functions and their behaviors, system of inequalities, probability, experimental design and implementation, and analysis of data. Data will be generated by practical applications arising from science, business, and finance. Students will solve problems that require formulation of linear, quadratic, exponential, or logarithmic equations or a system of equations.

(Prerequisite: Algebra I)

This course extends students’ understanding of algebraic concepts through the study of advanced functions, equations, and data analysis. Students explore polynomial, rational, radical, exponential, logarithmic, and piecewise-defined functions using a transformational approach to graphing. The course includes operations with complex numbers, solving higher-order equations and inequalities, and modeling real-world situations with algebraic and statistical methods. Emphasis is placed on reasoning, problem solving, and clear communication of mathematical ideas. Technology is integrated throughout to enhance understanding and visualization of algebraic and graphical relationships.

(Prerequisite: Geometry and Algebra II)

Trigonometric and circular functions are introduced in this course. Evaluation of trigonometric functions, use of basic formulas, and laws of cosines and sines are presented. Emphasis is placed on the applications of trigonometry, solutions of trigonometric equations, applications of triangles and vectors, and polar graphing. Advanced topics in algebra, analytical geometry, polynomial functions, and sequences are also included.

(Prerequisite: Trigonometry, C or Better in Math Analysis/Pre-Calculus and must have a 3.0 overall GPA) 

Students enrolled in Mathematical Analysis are assumed to have mastered Algebra II concepts and have some exposure to trigonometry. Mathematical Analysis develops students’ understanding of algebraic and transcendental functions, parametric and polar equations, sequences and series, and vectors. The content of this course serves as appropriate preparation for a calculus course.

(Prerequisite: Math Analysis/Pre-Calculus and must have a 3.0 overall GPA)

This course extends the theory of elementary functions. Topics include: derivatives of algebraic functions, and transcendental functions; derivatives of the sum, difference, product, quotient and power of algebraic/ transcendental functions; the definite integral and improper integrals and concepts related to integration; logarithmic differentiation; techniques of integration; differential equations, & applications of the derivative and the definite integral. Both applications and formal proof are emphasized.

(Prerequisite: Geometry and Algebra II) 

Probability and Statistics is a semester course designed to introduce the methods used in the field of applied statistics. Emphasis is given to the basic concepts and techniques for collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and making predictions. The major focus of this course is to provide students with experience in using the computer to solve problems that can be set up as mathematical models.

(Prerequisite: Geometry and Algebra II)

AP Statistics is equivalent to a one-semester introductory, non-calculus-based, college course in statistics. Students are introduced to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing and drawing conclusions from data. Students are exposed to four broad conceptual themes: exploring data, sampling and experimentation, anticipating patterns and statistical inference. Upon completion of the course, students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Exam.

The standards of Biology are designed to provide students with a detailed understanding of living systems. Emphasis continues to be placed on the skills necessary to examine alternative scientific explanations, actively conduct controlled experiments, analyze and communicate information, and acquire and use scientific literature. The history of biological thought and the evidence that support it are explored and provide the foundation for investigating biochemical life processes, cellular organization, mechanisms of inheritance, dynamic relationships among organisms, and the changes in organisms through time. The importance of scientific research that validates or challenges ideas is emphasized at this level. SOL test required.

(Prerequisite: Successful completion of Biology and two of the following – Earth Science, Ecology, Chemistry, Physics and must have a 3.0 overall GPA)

This course is an intensive study of modern biology, taught at the college level. Course content provides in-depth coverage of molecular biology, genetics, cellular biology, embryology, plant and animal physiology, and human anatomy and physiology. Experience will be provided in special techniques and laboratory materials and equipment used in modern biological research.

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the gross and microscopic study of the anatomy and physiology of the human body by way of cells, tissues, organs and systems. This course will provide students a solid foundation of the various different structural and functional components of the human body, by studying anatomical parts and the physiological processes of each system. Topics will also include anatomical terminology, homeostasis, levels of organization, and integration of systems. Highly recommended for: EMT, Medical Assistant, Vet Science & Nurse Aide.

(Prerequisite: Successful Completion of Biology and Algebra I) 

The Chemistry standards are designed to provide students with a detailed understanding of the interaction of matter and energy. This interaction is investigated through the use of laboratory techniques, manipulation of chemical quantities, and problem-solving applications. Scientific methodology will be employed in experimental and analytical investigations, and concepts will be illustrated with practical applications. Algebra II is a recommended prerequisite for this course and may be taken concurrently.

(Prerequisite: Successful completion of Biology, Chemistry and Algebra II)

In Advanced Placement Chemistry, concepts introduced in Chemistry are extended and higher levels of subject matter and scientific investigations are explored. Laboratory techniques are refined and expanded with emphasis placed on the study of descriptive chemistry and chemical principles through the use of chemical models. Importance is placed on the student’s development of a strong problem-solving orientation to chemistry. Upon completion of the course, students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Exam.

(Prerequisite: Biology and Algebra ll)

The Physics standards emphasize a more complex understanding of experimentation, the analysis of data, and the use of reasoning and logic to evaluate evidence. The use of mathematics, including algebra, inferential statistics, and trigonometry, is important, but conceptual understanding of physical systems remains a primary focus. Students build on physical science principles by exploring, in depth, the nature of characteristics of energy and its dynamic interaction with matter. Key areas covered by the standards include force and motion, kinetic molecular theory, energy transformations, wave phenomena and the electromagnetic spectrum, light, electricity fields, and non-Newton physics. The standards stress the practical application of physics in other areas of science and technology and how physics affects our world.

(Prerequisite: Successful completion of Biology, Physics and Algebra II)

AP Physics is equivalent to an introductory college physics course. Students focus on reading, understanding, and interpreting physical information as well as describing and explaining the sequence of steps in the analysis of a particular physical phenomenon or problem. In addition, students use mathematical reasoning as they perform experiments and interpret results of observations. Upon completion of the course, students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Exam.

(Prerequisite: Earth Science and/or Biology)

The goal of this course is to raise students’ awareness of the need to preserve Earth’s limited resources. Through study of environmental issues associated with biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems, students will develop a deeper understanding of and appreciation for Earth’s systems and cycles. In addition, students will further develop scientific investigation skills through laboratory exercises and field studies that target local environmental issues. Biology SOL test required, if not already taken.

The goal of the Environmental Science 9 course is to explore the dynamic interactions within Earth’s ecosystems and examine human impacts on natural processes. Students will engage in hands-on fieldwork and lab-based investigations to understand key ecological cycles and analyze how matter and energy flow through ecosystems. Core topics will include population ecology, ecosystem stability, biodiversity, and biomes, with a focus on relationships within and between species. Students will study ecosystem components like food webs, trophic levels, and biotic and abiotic factors that define carrying capacity. As they investigate climate change, pollution, and the role of civic responsibility, students will develop the analytical skills necessary to evaluate human activities and their consequences on the biosphere, becoming informed environmental stewards.

Environmental Science is the science which studies the interaction between humans and the environment, emphasizing the links between different subjects related to this issue like ecology, economics, geography, geology, meteorology, politics, and sociology. Environmental Science provides students with a balanced approach to the diverse study of the environment. Topics to be studied are scientific investigation, ecology, populations, water, air, land usage, mineral and energy resources, and our health and future.

(Prerequisite: Earth Science, Biology and Chemistry)

AP Environmental Science is equivalent to a one-semester introductory college environmental science course. This course emphasizes scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world, to identify and analyze environmental problems both natural and human-made, to evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems, and to examine alternative solutions for resolving or preventing them. This course includes a strong laboratory and field investigation component that focuses on local organisms and/or systems. Earth Science SOL test required, if not already taken. Upon completion of the course, students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Exam.

(Prerequisites: Chemistry & Algebra I)

This course is designed to introduce students to various aspects of science and how they relate to the law. The main focus of this course will be techniques used during crime scene investigations. Topics will include fingerprinting, collection of evidence, processing evidence, documentation of evidence and crime scenes through sketches and photography, questioned documents, trace evidence, firearms and tool marks, etc. Principles of criminal law and procedure, preparation and presentation of evidence, examination of witnesses, methods of legal research and procedural rules affecting the collection and use of physical evidence will also be discussed. Students will apply their knowledge to laboratory assignments, simulation crime scenes and mock trials.

(Prerequisite: World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. Grade 9)

These standards enable students to examine history and geography from 1500 A.D. to the present, with emphasis on the development of the modern world. The study of history rests on knowledge of dates, names, places, events, and ideas. Historical understanding, however, requires students to engage in historical thinking, raise questions, and marshal evidence in support of their answers. Students engaged in historical thinking draw upon chronological thinking, historical comprehension, historical analysis and interpretation, historical research, and decision making. These skills are developed through the study of significant historical substance. World History II explores major global developments from the early modern period to the contemporary world, including the Emergence of a Global Age, the Age of Revolutions, increasing Global Interactions, the Era of Global Wars, and Global Change in the second half of the twentieth century.

The standards for Virginia and United States History expand upon the foundational knowledge and skills previously introduced to include the historical development of American ideas and institutions from the Age of Exploration to the present. While continuing to focus on political, geographic, and economic history, the standards provide students with a basic knowledge of American culture through a chronological survey of major issues, movements, people, and events in Virginia and United States history. As a foundation to develop historical thinking skills, students will apply social science skills to understand the challenges facing the development of the United States. These skills will support the investigation and evaluation of the fundamental political principles, events, people, and ideas that developed and fostered our American identity and led to our country’s prominence in world affairs. Virginia and U.S. History examines key political, social, and economic developments in the American experience, including Early America and the Founding of the New Nation; Expansion, Civil War, and Reconstruction; Industrialization, Emergence of Modern America, and World Conflicts; and the United States since World War II.

Standards for Virginia and United States Government define the knowledge that enables citizens to participate effectively in civic and economic life. Students will apply social science skills as a foundation to examine fundamental constitutional principles, the rights and responsibilities of citizenship, political trends and movements, the policy-making process at each level of government, and the characteristics of the United States economy. The standards emphasize an understanding of the duties and responsibilities that facilitate thoughtful and effective participation in the civic life of an increasingly diverse democratic society. The standards also reflect the evolving political and economic roles of Virginia and the United States in the global community. Virginia and U.S. Government explores the foundations, principles, and practices of American democracy, including the structure and functions of national, state, and local governments; the rights and responsibilities of citizens; the policymaking process; and the role of the United States in a global context.

(Prerequisite: 3.0 Overall GPA, World History I and World History II)

This college-level course in United States and Virginia History offers an in-depth exploration of the historical development of American ideas, institutions, and culture from the Age of Exploration to the present. Students will analyze key events, individuals, and movements that shaped both Virginia and the broader United States, using historical methods such as evaluating primary and secondary sources, developing historical arguments, and making connections across time and space. The course covers major themes such as American identity, migration and settlement, politics and power, and the impact of work, exchange, and technology. Emphasizing both the political, economic, and geographic history of the nation, as well as the cultural and social forces that influenced its development, this class challenges students to develop a deeper understanding of American history. The assignments in this course require college-level reading fluency, the critical evaluation of sources to discern facts, and coherent communication through written reports and presentations that demonstrate historical thinking.

(Prerequisite: 3.0 overall GPA, United States and Virginia History)

This college-level course provides a comprehensive, nonpartisan introduction to the political structures, processes, and institutions of both the United States and Virginia governments. Students will explore foundational documents, key Supreme Court decisions, and other relevant texts to understand the relationships between federal, state, and local governments, as well as the roles of political parties, interest groups, and the media. Topics include the three branches of government, civil liberties and rights, elections, political behavior, federalism, and policymaking. Students will engage in critical analysis, data interpretation, and the development of evidencebased arguments. The assignments in this course require college-level reading fluency, critical evaluation of sources, and coherent communication through written reports and presentations that reflect historical and civic analysis.

(Does not count as a history credit for an Advanced Studies Diploma, Prerequisite: World History and Geography to 1500 A.D.)

This course is a survey of the history of Western Civilization from Prehistory to the early 16th century. This is a locally developed Social Studies elective that is designed to be an extension of concepts and skills covered in World History I. The following units are included in this course: Prehistory, River Valley Civilizations, Classical Civilizations, Post-Classical Civilizations, the Medieval Period (including kingdoms that flourished in Africa and the Americas), and the Renaissance. Students will explore the geographic, economic, political, and social development of these civilizations.

(Does not count as a history credit for an Advanced Studies Diploma, Prerequisite: World History and Geography to 1500 A.D.)

The course is designed to provide students a broad overview of the African American experience and explore ancient Africa through modern times. This course, supported by a local curriculum and five online modules via Virtual Virginia and WHRO, addresses the introduction of Africans to the Americas and the African American experience from 1619 to the present day. In addition, the course will highlight the social, cultural and political contributions of African Americans to American society.

Providing a broad, general introduction to psychology, this course emphasizes how the basic subject matter of psychology has been attained by scientific methods. This course examines patterns and variations of human behavior and the process of human development. Students will study how psychological knowledge is applied to improve the quality of life. Recommended for eleventh and twelfth graders.

(Prerequisite: 3.0 overall GPA, 11th & 12th grade students only)

This course is designed to introduce students to the systematic and scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of human beings. Students are exposed to the psychological facts, principles, and phenomena associated with each of the major subfields within psychology. They also learn about ethics and methods psychologists use in their science and practice. Major topics in this DE course include methods, approaches and history; biological bases of behavior; sensation and perception; states of consciousness; learning; cognition; motivation and emotion; developmental psychology; personality; testing and individual differences; psychological disorders; treatment of psychological disorders; social psychology. The assignments in this course require college-level reading fluency, critical evaluation of psychological sources to distinguish evidence-based conclusions, and coherent communication through written reports and presentations that reflect scientific thinking.

Students examine the foundations of the American legal system and learn the rights and responsibilities of citizens. Students gain practical knowledge and life skills by exploring economic and social concepts related to laws governing business and individuals. Focus areas include contracts, consumer protection, criminal law, tort law, international law, family/domestic law, employment law, cyber law, and careers in the legal profession.

(Prerequisite: Successful completion of World History and Geography to 1500 A.D.)

Introduction to Sociology is a beginner-level course that explores how society shapes our behavior, relationships, and identities. Students will learn key sociological concepts such as culture, socialization, social inequality, and the role of institutions like family, education, and government. Through structured discussions and activities, students will gain critical thinking skills to analyze social patterns, recognize inequality, and understand the forces that influence individual and group behavior. This course provides a foundation for understanding the social world and prepares students to think critically about the roles they play within society.

AP Business with Personal Finance is a yearlong high school business and personal finance course that aligns closely with a collegelevel introduction to business course. Students explore the business disciplines of entrepreneurship, marketing, finance, accounting, and management through real-world business applications, case studies, and project based learning. In addition, students learn and apply all the National Standards for Personal Financial Education created by the Council for Economic Education and the Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy.

A relevance-based math program emphasizing essential consumer, daily living, and functional skills and driven by the Individual Education Plan. This elective course can be paired with appropriate grade level math for students with disabilities pursuing Standard or Advanced Diplomas or as a stand-alone course for students pursuing an Applied Studies Diploma.

A relevance-based science course emphasizing basic concepts from Life, Physical and Earth Sciences and driven by the Individual Education Plan. This elective course can be paired with appropriate grade level science for students with disabilities pursuing Standard or Advanced Diplomas or as a stand-alone course for students pursuing an Applied Studies Diploma.

A relevance-based Social Studies course emphasizing basic concepts of citizenship, community, and consumerism, and driven by the Individual Education Plan. This elective course can be paired with appropriate grade level social studies for students with disabilities pursuing Standard or Advanced Diplomas or as a stand-alone course for students pursuing an Applied Studies Diploma.

(Prerequisite: Art I: Art Foundations)

This course extends and refines abilities to investigate and respond to the visual arts. The standards emphasize the importance of content, concepts, and skills involved in the creation of original works of art. The standards introduce a chronological approach to visual communication and production, cultural context and art history, judgment and criticism, and aesthetics that enhance student understanding of the ways in which art functions within a multicultural society. Areas covered are drawing, painting, sculpture, pottery, printing and various crafts. Students are encouraged to develop self-expression through their individual works.

(Prerequisite: Art I, Art II, Art III, and Art IV)

Studio art is a course for advanced art students who want to study areas of art in depth. There is a continued emphasis upon aesthetic knowledge, visual problem-solving, creative growth, and the use of media skills for personal expression. Students are allowed more time for pursuing individual projects, for exploration of art media and techniques, and for developing art skills. The students are allowed to choose areas in which they want to work. Along with the teacher, the student chooses media and subject matter. This may include any area of art such as sculpture, painting, graphics, drawing or crafts. This course may be taken more than once for further knowledge and experience.

(Prerequisite: Art II: Intermediate)

Advanced Intermediate Art continues the emphasis on development of abilities to organize and analyze visual arts content, concepts, and skills in creating works of art. The focus on art history, critical evaluation and aesthetics is increased, and includes cultural and stylistic issues and creative problem solving. At the advanced level, previous understandings and skills are further emphasized and developed while the students are allowed and encouraged to pursue individual projects and to plan and execute creative products by using a variety of techniques and visual concepts.

(Prerequisite: Art III: Advanced Intermediate)

Advanced Art reinforces competence and confidence in skills of analysis evaluation, and creation of works of art. Content and concepts associated with art criticism and aesthetics are central to the refinement of art production skills, and the student-directed approach at this level richly enhances personal expressive abilities. Visual communication and production, cultural context and art history, judgment and criticism, and aesthetics remain the foundation areas of standards. Students pursue independent projects that allow then to expand their unique talents and interests. Students conduct research that is related to their studio production and are given opportunities to exhibit and develop portfolios for college or employment review.

(Prerequisite: Art I: Art Foundations)

Graphic Design allows students to study foundation skills and explore the potential of computer image making and video. Students will use the computer’s most complex creativity tools and the industry standard in digital imaging. They may include, but are not limited to, Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator. They will work independently on computer tutorials with the help of the instructor. Students will explore common production requirements faced by graphic designers.

(Prerequisite: Graphic Design I)

Students will continue to use the computer’s most complex creativity tools and the industry standard in digital imaging and web design. This class provides a working knowledge of web page design and construction. Students will learn how to create a web site by focusing on full web development software and HTML, the code that builds web sites. Emphasis is on project planning and management; content organization; visual design, approach, and navigation; and the technology of launching a successful site on the Internet. The course features lectures, systematic class assignments, and opportunity for individual projects. Students will work independently on computer tutorials with the help of the instructor. They will explore common production requirements faced by web designers.

(Prerequisite: Beginning Chorus)

This course is designed for students who have achieved competency in beginning vocal/choral skills. Emphasis is placed on the continuing development of vocal production techniques and ensemble participation. Opportunities to explore the relationship between music and the arts and disciplines outside of the arts are continued.

(Prerequisite: Beginning and/or Intermediate Chorus)

This course emphasizes proficiency in ensemble singing and will begin to develop competency in individual performance. Singing with refined expressive qualities, the student will perform vocal/choral selections and sight-reading material at increased levels of difficulty. Students will demonstrate an expanded ability in performance, creativity, and analytical investigation and will also gain experiential knowledge of leadership and evaluative skills in group and in individual settings. Opportunity for students to explore the relationship between music and other disciplines continues to be provided.

(Prerequisite: Prior choral participation preferred, but not necessary)

This course is open to students through audition only. The choir studies a varied repertoire of music and emphasis is on performance. Students are required to perform at various special school events and functions throughout the community.

This course provides students with the necessary tools to work with music from creative and performance viewpoints. The basic fundamentals of music reading are stressed with emphasis on scales, intervals, chords, four-part writing and form analysis. Ear training and basic music composition skills will be stressed. Students will also be introduced to the understanding of music in western civilization, correlated with political, religious, and sociological occurrences that shaped music. Study will also include the study of rhythm, melody, harmony, texture, form and color.

(Prerequisite: Performance Ensemble)

This course stresses learning and performing on a band instrument. It is a continued study designed to promote technical proficiency on the techniques of ensemble and full band performances by participating regularly in a band setting. Students at the advanced level should be able to perform at Virginia Band and Orchestra Directors Association Selective List for solo repertoire levels 5-6. The fundamentals of music are continued and extended to broaden knowledge of all major and chromatic scales (the Standard 26 American Drum Rudiments for Percussion), selected minor scales, keys, rhythm patterns, and basic expression symbols. Instrumental techniques are improved with a study of intonation, tone quality, breath control (including vibrato), extensions of range, auxiliary fingering, alternate positions, basic improvisational skills, articulation, phrasing, and execution of trills. Percussion students will become more proficient in the use of mallet instruments, keyboard, and timpani. Emphasis is placed on the proper balance and function of the various instrumental choirs of the band. Students are expected to have the ability to discuss musical concepts, cultures, styles, composers and historical periods. A broad range of musical literature is studied in order to acquaint the students with musical styles. Marching band is a part of this program.

This performance-oriented band participates in concert appearances. Students continue the in-depth mastery of basic fundamentals of music while preparing pieces for performances. Students in this class expand their knowledge and skills of instrumental techniques, tone production, musical interpretation, and ensemble/solo performance to an advanced level. Students at the advanced level should be able to perform at Virginia Band and Orchestra Directors Association Selective List for solo repertoire levels 2-5. Performances and rehearsals outside school hours are required.

This class is designed to develop all percussion skills used for marching band, concert band, indoor drum line and percussion ensemble. It is designed for students interested in learning proper percussion technique. Emphasis will be placed on snare drum, tenor drum, and bass drum techniques used for marching band as well as keyboard and accessory percussion technique. The level, instrumentation, and performance opportunities will be left to the discretion of the instructor. This is a performance-oriented course that includes extracurricular activities. Students must be willing and able to perform with the marching band and other scheduled performances.

This challenging course is for ninth through twelfth grade students who have a serious interest in developing their speaking and acting skills. Students will be exposed to the dynamics of speech and the categories of speech (forensics) competition. This course is also designed to provide students with a survey of the theatre arts, allowing opportunities to participate in the creative processes of oral interpretation, performance and production. This course provides the theatrical and speech opportunities that enable students to determine personal areas of interest.

This course is designed to give students the opportunity to participate in a variety of film projects, from creating commercials to creating an episode for a television sitcom. All coursework is created to help students gain an understanding of the film-making process. Topics include, but are not limited to, film creation, film etiquette, roles and jobs in front of and behind the camera.

Theatre I explores both theory and practice of theatre arts. Students will be enabled to participate in creative processes of developing, refining. producing, and performing theatre. Throughout this course, students will gain an appreciation for the theatre artist and their process through analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating dramatic literature and theatrical works. The course emphasizes foundational concepts, ensemble work, and skill development and provides opportunities for students to apply these skills to areas of personal interest.

(Prerequisite: Theatre I)

Theatre II builds upon concepts and skills acquired in Theatre I. Students will investigate dramatic literature, theatrical styles, and historical periods. They will experience and respond to a variety of theatrical performances that refine their communicative, collaborative, analytical, interpretive, and problem-solving skills. Students expand their artistic abilities by examining a variety of creative and technical roles in performance and production.

(Prerequisite: Theatre I and Theatre II)

Students will develop advanced acting concepts and build upon skills acquired in Theatre II. Students will investigate acting styles and explore the process of playwriting, which includes research, character development, and creation of dramatic structure, conflict, and resolution. Students study and respond to a variety of theatrical works in relation to the historical and cultural influences present in the work. They continue to cultivate and refine their artistic abilities and creative choices for performance and production.

(Prerequisites: Theatre I, II & III)

Students will refine the concepts learned and skills acquired in Theatre III while reinforcing the principles learned in Theatre I and II. Through research and inquiry of theatre topics of personal interest, students develop and refine creative choices for performance, production, and direction. They study and respond to a variety of theatrical experiences, applying their critical thinking skills. Students develop and showcase leadership skills involving communication, problem solving, and collaboration to achieve unified productions

This course offers students the opportunity to gain expertise in all elements of technical theatre. Students study scenic design, theatre management, sound design, stagecraft, makeup, masks, costume design and construction, scenery painting, stage management, lighting design, theatre spaces, scenic painting, props, and special effects.

(Prerequisite: Health and Physical Education 9)

In grade 10, students are proficient in all fundamental movement skills. Students self-select physical activities that they are likely to participate in throughout life. Students understand and apply key movement and fitness principles and concepts for activities in which they demonstrate competence. Students develop the ability to understand and anticipate how physical activity interests and abilities change across a lifetime. Students must demonstrate a level of competency in at least three lifetime physical activities and implement, self-assess, and modify a personal fitness plan. Physical fitness testing occurs twice each semester.

Classroom instruction mostly consists of driver education but includes lessons on nutrition and family life education as well. Classroom and in-car driver education focus on safe driving attitudes, time, space, and distance perception, skill development, and recognition of appropriate response to hazards in the ever-changing driving environment. Students apply basic driving skills in low-to-moderate traffic situations and progress to demonstration of skill proficiency in more complex traffic situations. Throughout the course, emphasis is placed on extensive supervised practice with a licensed parent or guardian to develop precision in the use of skills, processes, and responsibilities. 

(Prerequisite: Health & P.E. 9 and Health & P.E. 10 - successful completion, only Junior/Senior Students)

This course provides students opportunities to expand the scope of their skills in physical education to include officiating, orienteering, coaching, and teaching. An additional goal is to foster lifetime fitness. Emphasis is placed on the five health-related components of fitness including cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body fat control. Individual student fitness levels are assessed. Instruction includes emphasis on health risk factors related to lifestyles and how nutrition affects wellness. Activities include weight training and conditioning, outdoor recreation, fundamentals of officiating, fundamentals of coaching and teaching, flag football, softball, tennis, golf, badminton, soccer, archery, basketball and volleyball. Physical fitness testing occurs twice each semester. Throughout this course, student fitness levels will be monitored with the use of individual records that incorporate charts and graphs.

(Prerequisite: Advanced Physical Education I)

This course provides students opportunities to expand the scope of their skills in physical education to include officiating, orienteering, coaching, and teaching. An additional goal is to foster lifetime fitness. Emphasis is placed on the five health-related components of fitness including cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body fat control. Individual student fitness levels are assessed. Instruction includes emphasis on health risk factors related to lifestyles and how nutrition affects wellness. Selected movement activities may include archery, soccer, weight training, orienteering, ultimate Frisbee, softball, golf, badminton, tennis, volleyball, basketball, team handball, flag football, and fitness testing. Many of these activities are extensions of those offered in Advanced Physical Education I. Physical fitness testing occurs twice each semester. Throughout this course, student fitness levels will be monitored with the use of individual records that incorporate charts and graphs.

(Prerequisite: Health & P.E. 9 and Health & P.E. 10 - successful completion, only Junior/Senior Students)

This course provides students opportunities to expand the scope of their skills in strength training. It teaches appropriate use of weight training equipment. The objectives of this course are to introduce the student to methods and techniques for improving muscular strength and endurance through program design. Methods of training include machines, free weights, and training without apparatus. Physical fitness testing occurs twice each semester.

(Prerequisite: Physical Training I)

This course provides students opportunities to expand the scope of their skills in strength training. It teaches appropriate use of weight training equipment. The objectives of this course are to expound on advanced methods and techniques for improving muscular strength and endurance through program design. Methods of training include machines, free weights, and training without apparatus. Students will develop and utilize a personalized sport specific or lifestyle specific training program. Physical fitness testing occurs twice each semester.

This course is designated for students interested in the medical profession and athletics. The material presented will combine medical principles with the athletic setting. Specific topics will include human anatomy, injury prevention and identification, medical documentation, record keeping, preventive taping, equipment fitting, first aid, rehabilitation guidelines, and career options. Special topics/current issues in health care will also be discussed. Students will participate in hands-on learning activities and be expected to perform practical skills.

(Prerequisite – Sports Exercise and Health I)

This course is designed as an advanced look at the treatment, evaluation, and rehabilitation of athletic related injuries. Topics include medical documentation, record keeping, preventive taping, equipment fitting and professional considerations. Instruction will include advanced first aid and life support techniques.

(Prerequisite: French I or its equivalent)

In French II, students continue to develop their proficiency in the three modes of communicative competence: interacting with other speakers of French, understanding oral and written messages in French, and making oral and written presentations. They are exposed to more complex features of the French language. They continue to focus on communicating about their immediate world and daily life. Emphasis continues to be placed on the use of French in the classroom as well as on the use of authentic materials to learn about the culture.

(Prerequisite: French II or its equivalent)

In French III, students continue to develop their proficiency in the three modes of communicative competence. They communicate using more complex structures in French on a variety of topics, including some of an abstract nature, such as social rights and responsibilities. They comprehend the main ideas of authentic materials that they read and hear and are able to identify significant details when the topics are familiar. French is used almost exclusively in the class as students develop the ability to discuss topics related to historical and contemporary events and issues.

(Prerequisite: French III or its equivalent)

In French IV, students continue to develop their communicative and cultural competence, understanding oral and written texts, and making oral and written presentations in French. They are able to exchange and support opinions on a variety of topics related to historical and contemporary events. They comprehend spoken and written French texts from a variety of authentic sources as well as produce compositions containing well-developed ideas on various topics. Students compare and contrast everyday situations with those of our own culture. Additional emphasis is placed on appropriate verbal and non-verbal behaviors. Students will focus on global understanding of the language, increase accuracy and appropriateness of oral communication with emphasis on creativity, examine authentic materials and explore various literary genres, and refine their creative expression. Students are strongly encouraged to explore individual interest areas in depth and share these interests with the class.

(Prerequisite: French IV)

In this course students prepare for the AP French Language Exam and develop a strong command of the French language with proficiency in integrating language skills and synthesizing written and aural materials, centered on the six cultural themes outlined in the AP curricular requirements: Global Challenges, Science and Technology, Contemporary Life, Personal and Public Identities, Families and Communities, and Beauty and Aesthetics. Students master the formal writing process and aural comprehension skills, as well as develop extensive interpersonal and presentational speaking and writing practice. Upon completion of the course, students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Exam.

(Prerequisite: Placement Test)

Spanish for Fluent Speakers is designed to meet the needs of students whose primary language is Spanish but who have had little or no formal education in Spanish, and who are proficient in understanding and speaking Spanish. The course will build on existing listening and speaking skills, and focus on the acquisition of comparable competencies in reading and writing, with an emphasis on grammatical concepts. Students seeking to earn an advanced studies diploma must also take a sequence of Spanish III or Spanish IV and V.

(Prerequisite: Spanish for Fluent Speakers I or Placement Assessment)

Spanish for Fluent Speakers II is designed to increase proficiency in reading and writing of students whose primary language is Spanish. This course is designed for Spanish speakers who have some proficiency in all skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course will focus on the enhancement of skills acquisition placing emphasis on style and structural accuracy, comprehension and communication, the continued exploration of diverse cultures, and increased Spanish literacy.

Level I Spanish focuses on students’ communicative competence in Spanish and their understanding of the cultures of Spain and other Hispanic countries. In level I Spanish classes, students learn to communicate in real-life contexts about topics that are meaningful to them. Spanish I concentrates on the development of the four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Emphasis is placed on use of Spanish in the classroom and on use of authentic materials to learn about the language and culture. An important component of Spanish classes is the use of the Spanish language beyond the classroom in order to apply knowledge of the language in the real world. In many cases, this is accomplished through the integration of technology into the classroom.

(Prerequisite: Spanish I or its equivalent)

In Spanish II, students continue to develop their proficiency in the three modes of communicative competence; interacting with other speakers of Spanish, understanding oral and written messages in Spanish, and making oral and written presentations. They are exposed to more complex features of the Spanish language. They continue to focus on communicating about their immediate world and daily life. Emphasis continues to be placed on the use of Spanish in the classroom as well as on the use of authentic materials to learn about the culture.

(Prerequisite: Spanish II or its equivalent)

In Spanish III, students continue to develop their proficiency in the three modes of communicative competence. They communicate using more complex structures in Spanish on a variety of topics, including some of an abstract nature. They comprehend the main ideas of authentic materials that they read and hear and are able to identify significant details when the topics are familiar. Spanish is used almost exclusively in the class as students develop the ability to discuss topics related to historical and contemporary events and issues.

(Prerequisite: Spanish III or its equivalent)

In Spanish IV, students continue to develop their communicative and cultural competence, understanding oral and written texts, and making oral and written presentations in Spanish. They are able to exchange and support opinions on a variety of topics related to historical and contemporary events. They comprehend spoken and written Spanish texts from a variety of authentic sources as well as produce compositions containing well-developed ideas on various topics. Students compare and contrast everyday situations with those of our own culture. Additional emphasis is placed on appropriate verbal and non-verbal behaviors. Students will focus on global understanding of the language, increase accuracy and appropriateness of oral communication with emphasis on creativity, examine authentic materials and explore various literary genres, and refine their creative expression. Students are strongly encouraged to explore individual interest areas in-depth and share these interests with the class.

(Prerequisite: Spanish IV or its equivalent)

In this course students prepare for the AP Spanish Language Exam and develop a strong command of the Spanish language with proficiency in integrating language skills and synthesizing written and aural materials, centered on the six cultural themes outlined in the AP curricular requirements: Global Challenges, Science and Technology, Contemporary Life, Personal and Public Identities, Families and Communities, and Beauty and Aesthetics. Students master the formal writing process and aural comprehension skills, as well as develop extensive interpersonal and presentational speaking and writing practice. Upon completion of the course, students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Exam.